|
|
India has been a major seat of learning for thousands of years, dating back to ancient seats of learning like Nalanda. In modern times, Indian educational institutions (such as the IITs, IISc, IIMs, NITs,AIIMS, ISI, BITS, Great Lakes Institute of Management and ISB) are well known worldwide. India, being a developing nation, struggles with challenges in its primary education and strives to reach 100% literacy. Universal Compulsory Primary Education, with its challenges of keeping poor children in school and maintaining quality of education in rural areas, has been difficult to achieve (Kerala is an Indian state to reach this goal so far). All levels of education in India, from primary to higher education, are overseen by the Ministry of Human Resource Development (Department of Higher Education (India) and Department of School Education and Literacy), and heavily subsidized by the Indian government, though there is a move to make higher education partially self-financing. The Indian Government is considering to allow 100% foreign direct investment in Higher Education.
Following are the list of educational institutes and various education related informations:
Higher education in India has evolved in
distinct and divergent streams with each stream monitored by an apex body,
indirectly controlled by the Ministry of Human Resource Development and funded
by the state governments. Most universities are administered by the States,
however, there are 18 important universities called Central Universities, which
are maintained by the Union Government. The increased funding of the
central
universities give them an advantage over state competitors.
Apart from the several hundred state universities, there is a network of
research institutions that provide opportunities for advanced learning and
research leading up to a PhD in various branches of science, technology and
agriculture. Several have won international recognition. 25 of these
institutions come under the umbrella of the CSIR - Council of Scientific and
Industrial Research and over 60 fall under the ICAR - Indian Council of
Agricultural Research. In addition, the DAE - Department of Atomic Energy, and
other ministries support various research laboratories.
Accreditation for higher learning is
overseen by autonomous institutions established by the University Grants
Commission:
All India Council for Technical Education (AICTE)
Distance Education Council (DEC)
Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR)
Bar Council of India (BCI)
National Assessment and Accreditation Council (NAAC)
National Council for Teacher Education (NCTE)
Rehabilitation Council of India (RCI)
Medical Council of India (MCI)
Pharmacy Council of India (PCI)
Indian Nursing Council (INC)
Dental Council of India (DCI)
Central Council of Homeopathy (CCH)
Central Council of Indian Medicine (CCIM)
Veterinary Council of India (VCI)
NPE 1986 and revised PoA 1992 envisioned that free and compulsory education
should be provided for all children up to 14 years of age before the
commencement of 21st century. Government of India made a commitment that by
2000, 6% of the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) will be spent on education, out of
which half would be spent on the Primary education.
The 86th Amendment of the Indian constitution makes education a fundamental
right for all children aged 6-14 years. The access to preschool education for
children under 6 years of age was excluded from the provisions, and the
supporting legislation has not yet been passed.
In November 1998, Prime Minister Atal Bihari Vajpayee announced setting up of
Vidya Vahini Network to link up universities, UGC and CSIR.
The Indian Education System is generally marks-based. However, some experiments
have been made to do away with the marks-based system which has led to cases of
depression and suicides among students. In 2005, the Kerala government
introduced a grades-based system in the hope that it will help students to move
away from the cut-throat competition and rote-learning and will be able to focus
on creative aspects and personality development as well. iDiscoveri education
started by Alumni of Harvard, XLRI is a pioneer in this field. This organization
has already developed 5 model schools.
SC/STs and OBCs
The Government has reserved seats for SC/STs in all areas of education. Special
scholarships and other incentives are provided for SC/ST candidates. Many State
Governments have completely waived fees for SC/ST students. The IITs have a
special coaching program for the SC/ST candidates who fail in the entrance exams
marginally. Seats have been reserved for candidates belonging to Other Backward
Classes as well in some states like Tamil Nadu, Karnataka and Andhra Pradesh.
The struggle for reserving seats for students from OBC categories in elite
institutions like IITs, IIMs and AIIMS and Central Universities is still going
on. The Supreme Court of India is obstructing this reservation for the reason
that there has been no caste-wise census since 1931 and the population share of
OBCs cannot be based on 1931 census. The Department for the Welfare of SC/ST/OBC/Minorities
introduced the SC/ST tuition-fee reimbursement scheme in 2003-2004. The scheme
applies to SC and ST students of Delhi who are enrolled in recognized unaided
private schools and who have an annual family income of less than Rs. 1 lakh. It
provides a 100% reimbursement of the tuition fees, sports fee, science fee, lab
fee, admission fee and the co-curricular fee if the student's family income
falls below Rs. 48, 000 per annum and a reimbursement of 75% if the family
income is greater than Rs. 48, 000 per annum but less than Rs. 1 lakh. The
subsidy provided by the scheme covers between 85% and 90% of the beneficiary's
total running expenses in studying in a private school.
.
The University Grants Commission
The University Grants Commission of India is a Union
government body that provides funds for government-recognised
universities and colleges. It is the body that
provides recognition for universities in India. Its central office is in New
Delhi, and it also has a southern regional office in Hyderabad.
UGC conducts NET exams for the appointments of
teachers in colleges and universities, nevertheless, some years back the
NET had been exempted those having MPhil degree
to teach at graduation level. However, PhD holders can teach at Post Graduation
level since June 2006.
Accreditation for higher learning is overseen by 12 autonomous institutions
established by the University Grants Commission:
INFLIBNET (INFORMATION AND LIBRARY NETWORK)
All India Council for Technical Education (AICTE)
Distance Education Council (DEC)
Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR)
Bar Council of India (BCI)
National Council for Teacher Education (NCTE)
Rehabilitation Council of India (RCI)
Medical Council of India (MCI)
Pharmacy Council of India (PCI)
Indian Nursing Council (INC)
Dental Council of India (DCI)
Central Council of Homeopathy (CCH)
Central Council of Indian Medicine (CCIM)
Board of Theological Education of the Senate of Serampore College (BTESSC)
source: wikipedia
Resource : Resources 1, Resources 2, Resources 3, Resources 4, Resources 5